What does a missing ground fault receptacle in a bathroom demonstrate?

A missing ground fault receptacle in a bathroom demonstrates a material defect. This is because ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) are specifically required in areas where electrical devices may come into contact with water, such as bathrooms, in order to prevent electrical shock hazards. The absence of such a receptacle indicates that the electrical system does not meet current safety standards and poses a significant risk to occupants. This is a serious condition that would likely need to be addressed to ensure the safety and compliance of the property.

In real estate terms, a material defect refers to a significant issue with a property's physical condition or systems that could affect its safety, habitability, or value. Therefore, the missing GFCI receptacle fits this definition, as it represents a critical safety feature that is not present where it should be.